The permanent validity of the Catholic Church's social teaching admits of no doubt. May these warning words of the divine Master ever sound in men's ears: "For what doth it profit a man, if he gain the whole world and suffer the loss of his own soul? 79. She is "the pillar and ground of the truth." 191. 69. Read 5 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. (45) These two commandments are complementary . Mater et Magistra was written in observance of the 70th anniversary of Pope Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum Novarum.It also refers to the social teaching of Pope Pius XI in Quadragesimo Anno, and of Pope Pius XII in a radio broadcast given 1 June 1941. Now, in bringing people to Christ, the Church has invariablyâboth now and in the pastâbrought them many social and economical advantages. In modern times we have seen an extensive increase in the number of workers' associations, and their general recognition in the juridical codes of single States and on the international level. Book Sanctity and Motherhood. 57. MATER ET MAGISTRA. 230. 148. Indeed, in accordance with "the principle of subsidiary function," public authority must encourage and assist private enterprise, entrusting to it, wherever possible, the continuation of economic development. Knowledge acquired in this way does not remain merely abstract, but is seen as something that must be translated into action. There is a sureness of touch in all his activity in every field. Two years later, in Pacem in terris (April 11, 1963;… That is why, as We said before, she claims the co-operation of her laity. We are bound above all to consider as an ideal the kind of farm which is owned and managed by the family. That is what God calls us to by His grace. Encyklika Mater et Magistra se zabývá těmito problémy: Poukazuje na rostoucí množství sociálních vztahů mezi lidmi. Every man has, of his very nature, a need to express himself in his work and thereby to perfect his own being. 164. In addition, man has a right to rest a while from work, and indeed a need to do so if he is to renew his bodily strength and to refresh his spirit by suitable recreation. Among these there is the desire to escape from confining surroundings which offer little prospect of a more comfortable way of life. In recent years the State and other agencies of public law have extended, and are continuing to extend, the sphere of their activity and initiative. World banking institutes, individual States and private persons are helping to furnish the capital for an ever richer network of economic enterprises in the less wealthy countries. First, We must reaffirm most strongly that this Catholic social doctrine is an integral part of the Christian conception of life. On the contrary, it must be brought into the service of human life. For this reason, too, investors are more inclined to put their money in industry rather than agriculture. Mater et Magistra (llatí per a «Mare i Mestra») és una encíclica escrita pel papa Joan XXIII sobre el tema del cristianisme i progrés social. Let us be quite clear on this point. "Mater et Magistra," a Latin expression which literally means "Mother and Teacher," has long been used to refer to the authority that Christ Himself bestowed upon the Church, in entrusting to her the Petrine "Keys of the Kingdom." They must be educated to it. Such action would, moreover, have harmful impact on international relations, and constitute a menace to world peace. [9], Mater et magistra frequently explains the common good as a desirable balance between different elements of the society or the economy. Matka i nauczycielka) − encyklika papieża Jana XXIII sygnowana datą 15 maja 1961 dotycząca współczesnych przemian społecznych w świetle nauki chrześcijańskiej. 12. Mater et magistra est une encyclique donnée par Jean XXIII le 15 mai 1961. 158. xxiii ai venerabili fratelli patriarchi primati arcivescovi vescovi e agli altri ordinari locali che sono in pace e comunione con la sede apostolica, sui recenti sviluppi della questione sociale, alla luce della dottrina cristiana . (47), The Enduring Validity of the Church's Social Teaching. 99. On this subject it must not be forgotten that the price of agricultural produce represents, for the most part, the reward of the farmer's labor rather than a return on invested capital. 199. It is discernible too in the subsequent legislation of a number of States. 54. Small wonder, then, that the Catholic Church, in imitation of Christ and in fulfilment of His commandment, relies not merely upon her teaching to hold aloft the torch of charity, but also upon her own widespread example. As Our Predecessor Pius XII observed with evident justification: "Likewise the national economy, as it is the product of the men who work together in the community of the State, has no other end than to secure without interruption the material conditions in which the individual life of the citizens may fully develop. The progress of science and technology that has already been achieved opens up almost limitless horizons in this held. If they show themselves alive to the common good and contribute to its realizations, they can legitimately demand that their efforts for the improvement of agricultural conditions be seconded and complemented by public authority. 114. This means that everything must be done to ensure that social progress keeps pace with economic progress. She is mother enough to befriend such projects with her prayers." That is necessarily so, for men are by nature social beings. 174. In conducting their human affairs to the best of their ability, they must recognize that they are doing a service to humanity, in intimate union with God through Christ, and to God's greater glory. It is also known by the English title On Christianity and Social Progress.It celebrates the seventieth anniversary of Rerum Novarum.. Thus Pius XI's teaching in this encyclical can be summed up under two heads. At the same time, however, this multiplication and daily extension of forms of association brings with it a multiplicity of restrictive laws and regulations in many departments of human life. They encourage whatever is conducive to honesty and virtue, and strive to eliminate every obstacle to the attainment of this aim. There must be a way to regulate the prices of petroleum in the country so that the producers cant just increase their prices to gain profit because the prices of … "Mater et Magistra," a Latin expression which literally means "Mother and Teacher," has long been used to refer to the authority that Christ Himself bestowed upon the Church, in entrusting to her the Petrine "Keys of the Kingdom." First, with regard to agriculture, it would not appear that the rural population as a whole is decreasing, but it is an undeniable fact that many people are moving away from their farms into more thickly populated areas as well as into the cities themselves. Theirs is a work which carries with it a dignity all its own. This policy is in fact being pursued with considerable success by several of the socially and economically advanced nations. Arguments to this effect are based on such unreliable and controversial data that they can only be of very uncertain validity. We are aware how deeply the public conscience has been affected in recent years by the urgent need of supporting the economic development and social progress of those countries which are still struggling against poverty and economic disabilities. 87. The lone voice is not likely to command much of a hearing in times such as ours. 144. Since the writings on economics by previous Popes, the world had seen tremendous changes such as the discovery of nuclear energy, advanced communications, and political independence movements. (35) Encyclical letter Quadragesimo anno; AAS 23 (1931) 214. He feels himself free in the very depth of his being, and freely raised up to God. The title means "mother and teacher", refers to the role of the church. Other factors too enter into the assessment of a just wage: namely, the effective contribution which each individual makes to the economic effort, the financial state of the company for which he works, the requirements of the general good of the particular countryâhaving regard especially to the repercussions on the overall employment of the working force in the country as a wholeâand finally the requirements of the common good of the universal family of nations of every kind, both large and small. The right to the private possession of material goods is admittedly a natural one; nevertheless, in the objective order established by God, the right to property cannot stand in the way of the axiomatic principle that "the goods which were created by God for all men should flow to all alike, according to the principles of justice and charity" (20), 44. It describes a necessity to work towards authentic community in order to promote human dignity. There are several reasons why this is so; among them We can mention man's deep-rooted selfishness, the materialism in which modern society is steeped, and the difficulty of determining sometimes what precisely the demands of justice are in a given instance. (43) Encyclical letter Summi Pontificatus: AAS 31 (1939) 428-29. Yet although individuals and nations are becoming more and more convinced of this twofold necessity, it would seem that men in general, and particularly those with high responsibility in public life, are showing themselves quite incapable of achieving it. It is part of the natural order, which teaches that the individual is prior to society and society must be ordered to the good of the individual. And St. Paul insisted: "Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all to the glory of God." Dictionary Collections They are necessary, finally, if farm workers are to have their proper voice in political circles and in public administration. 222. 60. To these Our beloved sons in every land who, in promoting genuine progress and civilization, are a living proof of the Church's perennial vitality, We wish to extend Our kind and fatherly word of appreciation and encouragement. vydaná dne 15. května 1961.Je jednou z nejvýznamnějších sociálních encyklik 20. století Mater et Magistra book. First of all it should be taught as part of the daily curriculum in Catholic schools of every kind, particularly seminaries, although We are not unaware that in some of these latter institutions, this has been done for a long time now and in an outstanding way. The Church aims at unity, a unity determined and kept alive by that supernatural love which should be actuating everybody; she does not aim at a uniformity which would only be external in its effects and would cramp the natural tendencies of the nations concerned. We have only been able to touch lightly upon this matter, but Our sons, the laity especially, must not suppose that they would be acting prudently to lessen their personal Christian commitment in this passing world. Consequently, a purely theoretical instruction in man's social and economic obligations is inadequate. (52) God certainly has the right and power to command man to devote one day a week to his duty of worshipping the eternal Majesty. We should notice at this point that the right of private ownership is clearly sanctioned by the Gospel. Hence, in Quadragesimo Anno Pope Pius XI rightly observed that "a proper proportion between different wages is also a matter of importance." For men of this stamp are always in evidence, and, like cockle among the wheat, thrive in every land. Of itself, however, emergency aid will not go far in relieving want and famine when these are causedâas they so often areâby the primitive state of a nation's economy. Catholic Church. Rural workers should feel a sense of solidarity with one another, and should unite to form co-operatives and professional associations. 61. 18. 138. 78. But if the family farm is not to go bankrupt it must make enough money to keep the family in reasonable comfort. There are vast hidden depths still to be explored and adequately explained. He is not therefore permitted to use certain ways and means which are allowable in the propagation of plant and animal life. There are some indeed who go so far as to deny the existence of a moral order which is transcendent, absolute, universal and equally binding upon all. 7. It is also true that more and more people today, through belonging to insurance groups and systems of social security, find that they can face the future with confidenceâthe sort of confidence which formerly resulted from their possession of a certain amount of property. Certainly, the Church teachesâand has always taughtâthat scientific and technical progress and the resultant material well-being are good things and mark an important phase in human civilization. We most earnestly beg all Our sons the world over, clergy and laity, to be deeply conscious of the dignity, the nobility, which is theirs through being grafted on to Christ as shoots on a vine: "I am the vine; you the branches.'' The status of trade unions varied in different countries. First of all it is necessary to emphasize that if these two kinds of undertaking are to thrive and prosper they must be prepared constantly to adjust their productive equipment and their productive methods to meet new situations created by the advance of science and technology and the changing demands and preferences of the consumer. These three fundamental values, which are closely connected one with the other, mutually complementary and dependent, are: the use of material goods, work, and the family." We would observe, finally, that the present demand for workers to have a greater say in the conduct of the firm accords not only with man's nature, but also with recent progress in the economic, social and political spheres. Moreover, We consider it altogether vital that the numerous intermediary bodies and corporate enterprisesâwhich are, so to say, the main vehicle of this social growthâbe really autonomous, and loyally collaborate in pursuit of their own specific interests and those of the common good. Finallyâto take a world viewâone observes a marked disparity in the economic wealth possessed by different countries. It taught that the state must sometimes intervene in matters of health care, education, and housing. Furthermore, a strict check should constantly be kept upon their activity, so as to avoid any possibility of the concentration of undue economic power in the hands of a few State officials, to the detriment of the best interests of the community. 95. Our purpose, therefore, is not merely to commemorate in a fitting manner the Leonine encyclical, but also to confirm and make more specific the teaching of Our predecessors, and to determine clearly the mind of the Church on the new and important problems of the day. Enormous riches accumulated in the hands of a few, while large numbers of workingmen found themselves in conditions of ever-increasing hardship. Furthermore, the progressive perfection of modern methods of thought-diffusionâthe press, cinema, radio, televisionâmakes it possible for everyone to participate in human events the world over. 94. 22. Thus one learns Christian behavior in social and economic matters by actual Christian action in those fields. 245. 263. It cannot, therefore, hold aloof from economic matters. 41. 162. 100. Ivetta of Huy: Mater et Magistra book. To His Venerable Brethren the Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops, and all other Local Ordinaries that are at Peace and in Communion with the Apostolic See, and to the Clergy and Faithful of the entire Catholic World. Hence, as the Pope remarked so discerningly, "economic domination has taken the place of the open market. English. self-advancement of the farming community through continuing education and the forming of associations. 119. Trata sobre el reciente desarrollo de la cuestión social. Finally, there should be co-operation on a world scale for the economic welfare of all nations. Indeed, they cannot as a rule make the trading profit necessary to furnish capital for the conduct and development of their own business. Mater et Magistra. On the contrary, all forms of economic enterprise must be governed by the principles of social justice and charity. They should also form a flourishing system of cooperative undertakings, and organize themselves professionally to take an effective part in public life, both on the administrative and the political level. 130. (1992). The developing nations, obviously, have certain unmistakable characteristics of their own, resulting from the nature of the particular region and the natural dispositions of their citizens, with their time-honored traditions and customs. In the post World War II period international relationships were growing, technology was advancing rapidly, and the world was becoming more interdependent. We know that as an economy develops, the number of people engaged in agriculture decreases, while the percentage employed in industry and the various services rises. Instead, they should strive to find points of agreement for effective and suitable action, and not wear themselves out in interminable arguments, and, under pretext of the better or the best, omit to do the good that is possible and therefore obligatory. The title means "mother and teacher", referring to the role of the church. It is therefore a great source of joy to Us to see those nations which enjoy a high degree of economic wealth helping the nations not so well provided, so that they may more effectively raise their standard of living. There were those who presumed to accuse the Church of taking no interest in social matters other than to preach resignation to the poor and generosity to the rich, but Leo XIII had no hesitation in proclaiming and defending the legitimate rights of the workers. 405 409.âEd.). Christ made a solemn promise to Peter and each of his validly elected successors that "whatever [they] bound on Earth would be bound in heaven, and whatever they loosened on Earth would … 239. As it affects the less developed countries, the problem is stated thus: The resources of modern hygiene and medicine will very shortly bring about a notable decrease in the mortality rate, especially among infants, while the birth rateâwhich in such countries is unusually highâwill tend to remain more or less constant, at least for a considerable period. 52. And so the belief is engendered that if a nation is to assert its rights and pursue its own interests, there is only one way open to it: to have recourse to violence; ignoring the fact that violence is the source of the very greatest evils. It is the responsibility of humankind to create a national and international order that promotes social justice, "in which all economic activity can be conducted not merely for private gain but also in the interests of the common good". 223. (10). As for the wage system, while rejecting the view that it is unjust of its very nature, he condemned the inhuman and unjust way in which is it so often implemented, and specified the terms and conditions to be observed if justice and equity are not to be violated. Hence, when rulers of nations appeal to justice and the demands of justice, they not only disagree on terms, but often increase the tension that exists between their States. AAS 48 (1956) 799-800. About See All. In Our paternal care as universal Pastor of souls, We earnestly beg Our sons, immersed though they be in the business of this world, not to allow their consciences to sleep; not to lose sight of the true hierarchy of values. (62). Porque aprender é, sobretudo, saber viver. Members are no longer recruited in order to agitate, but rather to co-operate, principally by the method of collective bargaining. 65. There was also the constant spectre of unemployment and the progressive disruption of family life. He that hath the substance of this world and shall see his brother in need and shall shut up his bowels from him; how doth the charity of God abide in him?" Such associations may consist either of workers alone or of workers and employers, and should be structured in a way best calculated to safeguard the workers' legitimate professional interest. The only permanent remedy for this is to make use of every possible means of providing these citizens with the scientific, technical and professional training they need, and to put at their disposal the necessary capital for speeding up their economic development with the help of modern methods. Needless to say, when the Hierarchy has made a decision on any point Catholics are bound to obey their directives. 2:29. Free from mundane cares, he should lift up his mind to the things of heaven, and look into the depths of his conscience, to see how he stands with God in respect of those necessary and inviolable relationships which must exist between the creature and his Creator. It was promulgated on 15 May 1961. For here Our concern is with the doctrine of the Catholic and Apostolic Church. Where this is secured in a permanent way, a people will be, in a true sense, economically rich, because the general well-being, and consequently the personal right of all to the use of worldly goods, is thus actuated in conformity with the purpose willed by the Creator." Every precaution was to be taken to prevent the civil authority from intervening in any way in economic matters. en Mother and Teacher of all nations—such is the Catholic Church in the mind of her Founder, Jesus Christ; to hold the world in an embrace of love, that men, in … 284 check-ins. By no means. 145. The Church has always emphasized that this obligation of helping those who are in misery and want should be felt most strongly by Catholics, in view of the fact that they are members of the Mystical Body of Christ. They opened out new horizons for the activity of the universal Church, and the Supreme Shepherd, by giving expression to the hardships and sufferings and aspirations of the lowly and oppressed, made himself the champion and restorer of their rights. It is this: Economic progress must be accompanied by a corresponding social progress, so that all classes of citizens can participate in the increased productivity. 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